Criminal Procedure

Published on: June 19, 2012

Defendant Claims He Did Not Play an Active Role in Drug Transaction

by Stephen Bilkis

A team of police officers conducted a buy and bust narcotics operation. The undercover officer carried bills which had been photostatted and drove to the location where twelve people were standing near the area. The officer called out from his automobile asking if anyone had dimes. A New York Criminal Lawyer said based on records, the word dimes mean a $10.00 bag of heroin. The man then came over to the auto and asked the officer what he wanted. The officer then replied again the word dimes. Then, another man standing a few feet behind the first man asked the officer if he wanted Santa Claus. The officer being unfamiliar with the term ignored the other man. The officer again told the first man that he wanted dimes. The man asked how many and the officer replied to give him two. The man called over his shoulder the word duayduay and another man then walked to a tree about fifteen feet from the auto. He bent down, reached among the cobblestones at the base of the tree and removed some glassine envelopes. The first man told the officer to give him the money and he must give him one extra dollar. The officer gave the first man a ten, a five and five singles. The man then counted it and demanded the officer for another dollar. The officer gave him a five dollar bill and the man returned four singles. As the other man was returning to the car, another person walked over to the tree and the man yelled at him to get away. The other man then walked to the car and handed the officer the two glassine envelopes. The other man told the officer that he should get out of the area fast because it’s hot. The officer then left the area and made a transmission to his back-up team to arrest the two men. The police then recovered narcotics from the cobblestones at the base of the tree. The other man was found to have twenty dollars as recorded bills in his possession while only a single dollar bill was found on the first man.

The issue brought into the court was the argument whether the first man was an agent of the purchaser and whether the trial court’s charge on the defense of agency was damaging to the first man so as to require reversal of his conviction for criminal sale of a controlled substance in the third degree. A New York Criminal Lawyer said the court then concluded that the first man was not an agent of the purchaser but rather played an active role as seller of the contraband.

As the court admitted the question of the first man’s status in the illegal transaction was a proper question for the jury and one in which they accurately determined that the first man was a seller of drugs. Based on records, it is important to remember that when the undercover officer drove to the prearranged locale, the man was not the only individual on the street, but was part of a group of twelve men. After the undercover officer asked of the congregation if anyone had dimes, the man then voluntarily emerged from the crowd and inquired as to what the officer desired and in what quantity. The second man approached and handed the narcotics directly to the officer. A few minutes later, the first and second man was arrested at which the second man had in his possession the twenty dollars of marked money while the first man was in possession of the additional dollar.

Published on: June 18, 2012

Error Occurs in Collection of Evidence

by Stephen Bilkis

Often, questions arise in the court system that involve how to handle mistakes that happen in the justice system. Among these mistakes can be the mishandling of evidence. A New York Criminal Lawyer said that while losing evidence can be a devastating blow to a prosecution’s case, it is even more so when it in involves a sexual abuse crime. The physical evidence that is collected in a rape kit cannot be replaced if the kit is lost or mishandled. Unfortunately, it happens more often than the departments involved would like to admit. Large city departments have the biggest problem with ensuring that the chain of custody is kept pure.

In one case, that occurred on October 18, 1991, involved a rape. The victim was forced into the apartment and bedroom of an acquaintance where he pulled a gun on her. He forced her to have sexual intercourse with him. She reported the rape to the police in Queens County. The police officers transported her to Queens Hospital Center where she was examined by a doctor and a rape kit was completed. The offender was arrested on November 5, 1991 when he reported to his parole officer.

On January 2, 1992, the defense lawyer made an omnibus motion requesting the information that was recovered from the examination of the rape kit. He was advised that the rape kit evidence would be provided as soon as it was examined. On April 16, 1992,the defense team again requested an opportunity to examine the rape kit and the resulting laboratory analysis. Again, the police evidence unit stated that the results should come in shortly. The results were never given to the defense. After several failed attempts to obtain a copy of the analysis of the evidence, the police evidence unit finally admitted that the rape kit had been misplaced. They stated that after researching the whereabouts of the rape kit, it was discovered that the kit had never been submitted to the police department crime lab for analysis.

Published on: June 18, 2012

Court Determines if Unlawful Surveillnce is a Sex Crime

by Stephen Bilkis

A 55 year old man, after violating a criminal law, has been placed under the Strict and Intensive Supervision and Treatment (SIST) under a sex offender civil management proceeding. Subsequently, the State filed for a petition to revoke the respondent SIST’s placement and requested the court for the respondent to be transferred under a Secure Treatment Facility under Article 10 of the Mental Health Law. The court denied the petition.

A New York Criminal Lawyer said the respondent acknowledged that he was a drug user from 1980 up to 1993. He admitted having marijuana possession and used it during his teenage years. His addiction relating to drug crime led him to commit several offences. In 1994, the court has found him guilty of Attempted Rape in the First Degree, Sexual Abuse in the First Degree and Burglary in the First Degree for entering an apartment of a lady and while holding a knife, placed her hand on his penis. Prior to this incident, he was a known exhibitionist masturbating in public places while his penis was partially exposed to public view. He admitted that he suffered from a Mental Health Abnormality thus the State entered an agreement for him to be placed and monitored under the SIST.

On August 11, 2010, the respondent placed his cellphone camera under the skirt of a woman in Union Square Park with the intention of photographing the victim. A New York Criminal Lawyer said the victim upon its discovery threw the cell phone and scuffled with the respondent. In course of the incident, the victim suffered physical injuries. In addition to this incident, a parole officer mandated to supervise him during the program testified that the respondent violated the terms of the agreement by masturbating in a public place. The respondent admitted to masturbating inside the stall of a public restroom and a library.

Published on: June 17, 2012

Defendant Claims Evidence was Illegally Obtained

by Stephen Bilkis

A police officer, a nine-year veteran of the NYPD who has made 500 narcotics-related arrests, investigates drug sales in lower Manhattan. On February 28, 2010, the police officer, together with his detective partner entered the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) building in Manhattan to conduct a “vertical” –a floor-by-floor patrol of the premises in order to search for loiterers, drug users, people consuming alcohol and trespassers.

A New York Criminal Lawyer said the Officer testified that, in housing projects, officers may question anyone they encounter to determine whether they are on premises lawfully. Sometimes, at his discretion, he requires residents to provide identification or a key and must prove that they are not trespassers. Likewise, persons claiming to be legitimate visitors must also supply corroboration.

A New York Criminal Lawyer said the police officer testified that he entered the premises at around 6:30 p.m. and observed defendant standing alone in the lobby. Thereafter, he approached the defendant and asked whether he resided in the building. Defendant replied that he was visiting a friend. When defendant did not supply a name and apartment number, the police officer arrested him for trespassing on NYCA premises. The detective searched the defendant and recovered 29 ziplock bags of cocaine from his waistband. The police officer performed a search and found $284 on defendant’s person. Thereafter, defendant was charged with criminal cocaine possession and trespassing.

Published on: June 17, 2012

Defendant Takes Issue of Reclassification of Drug Offense to a Felony

by Stephen Bilkis

A man was charged in an indictment of two counts of criminal heroin possession and sale. The first count was due to drug possession and sale committed on October 19, 1973 and the second count was due to heroin possession and sale committed on October 23, 1973.

On September 1, 1973, the legislature of New York passed a law which classified criminal heroin possession and sale as a A-III felony. Being classified as A-III felony, a conviction would be punishable with an indeterminate prison sentence of a minimum of one to eight years (for first time offenders) and a maximum of life imprisonment.

A New York Criminal Lawyer said the accused here seeks a dismissal of the information and the indictment against him on the grounds that the indictment for criminal heroin sale and possession violates his rights to due process, equal protection, and the right against cruel and unusual punishment.

Published on: June 16, 2012

Rape Defendant Takes Issue With Evidence

by Stephen Bilkis

In January 20, 2002, a woman was living in with her fiancé who was then thirty-nine years old. The woman’s mother and 13 year old sister came over to visit them and they stayed in the same house that the woman shared with her fiancé.

A New York Criminal Lawyer said that while the 13-year old sister was visiting, the fiancé assaulted the 13 year old. He committed sodomy by inserting his male organ into the young child’s anus. The man was charged with sodomy, sexual abuse and endangering the welfare of a child, and other Sex Crimes. He was found guilty by a jury and the trial court sentenced him to a prison term of two to six years.

After he was convicted and sentenced, the man moved to set aside the jury verdict. He claims that his right to a fair trial was violated when the panty of the 13 year old was admitted into evidence even if the panty was recovered by the police thirty-seven days after the date of the commission of the offense. He claims that the panty should not have been admitted into evidence as it was not shown clearly by the prosecution that it had not been contaminated when it stayed in the clothes hamper in the apartment of the child’s sister for thirty-seven days where it could have been wet or degraded. He also claims that the lawyer who defended him was ineffective. A Nassau County Criminal Lawyer said that the claims that his lawyer failed to cross-examine the forensic scientists and experts presented by the prosecution. He claims that his counsel failed to present experts to rebut the claims of the experts presented by the prosecution. He further claims that his conviction should be vacated because the prosecution hid evidence that would have exculpated him.

Published on: June 16, 2012

Sex Crime Includes Sex With a Minor

by Stephen Bilkis

A man was convicted of criminal cocaine sale; and criminal marijuana sale when he sold cocaine and marijuana to an undercover police officer at nine different times and at nine different places.

A New York Criminal Lawyer said because of the sales of controlled substances to undercover police officers, the police had enough bases for a search warrant. When they searched the man’s apartment they found cocaine there. The man pleaded guilty to criminal sale and was sentenced to a prison term of 7 ½ to 15 years. After his conviction and pending his sentencing, the man was still out on bail. He undertook before the Court to appear whenever his presence was required and he also undertook not to be arrested on new charges.

During the time of his conditional release, the man had sex with a thirteen year old girl who was his neighbor’s daughter. He had sex with her in his apartment five different times. The thirteen year old girl got pregnant and the man moved to a different apartment in another building.

Published on: June 15, 2012

Defendant Contends Improper Use of Predatory Rape Statute

by Stephen Bilkis

The Facts:

On 2 May 2011, defendant forcibly compelled complaining witness-one to perform oral sex upon him and then forcibly subjected her to anal intercourse.

On 14 May 2011, defendant forcibly touched the breasts of complaining witness-two with his hands and mouth, forcibly compelled her to perform oral sex upon him and then forcibly subjected her to vaginal intercourse.

Published on: June 2, 2012

Sex Crime Defendant Appeals for Technical Legal Issues

by Stephen Bilkis

The Facts:

On 2 May 2011, defendant forcibly compelled complaining witness-one to perform oral sex upon him and then forcibly subjected her to anal intercourse.

On 14 May 2011, defendant forcibly touched the breasts of complaining witness-two with his hands and mouth, forcibly compelled her to perform oral sex upon him and then forcibly subjected her to vaginal intercourse.

Published on: June 1, 2012

Defendant Charged with Sexual Abuse of Minor

by Stephen Bilkis

In January 20, 2002, a woman was living in with her fiancé who was then thirty-nine years old. The woman’s mother and 13 year old sister came over to visit them and they stayed in the same house that the woman shared with her fiancé.

A New York Criminal Lawyer said that while the 13-year old sister was visiting, the fiancé assaulted the 13 year old. He committed sodomy by inserting his male organ into the young child’s anus (rape). The man was charged with sodomy, sexual abuse and endangering the welfare of a child. He was found guilty by a jury and the trial court sentenced him to a prison term of two to six years.

After he was convicted and sentenced, the man moved to set aside the jury verdict. He claims that his right to a fair trial was violated when the panty of the 13 year old was admitted into evidence even if the panty was recovered by the police thirty-seven days after the date of the commission of the offense. He claims that the panty should not have been admitted into evidence as it was not shown clearly by the prosecution that it had not been contaminated when it stayed in the clothes hamper in the apartment of the child’s sister for thirty-seven days where it could have been wet or degraded. A Long Island Criminal Lawyer said he also claims that the lawyer who defended him was ineffective. He claims that his lawyer failed to cross-examine the forensic scientists and experts presented by the prosecution. He claims that his counsel failed to present experts to rebut the claims of the experts presented by the prosecution. He further claims that his conviction should be vacated because the prosecution hid evidence that would have exculpated him.